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Lockheed XV-4 Hummingbird
The Lockheed XV-4 Hummingbird (originally designated VZ-10) was a U.S. Army project to demonstrate the feasibility of using VTOL for a surveillance aircraft carrying target-acquisition and sensory equipment.〔"(Hummingbird A Promising Augmented-Jet VTOL Aircraft )" ''Flight International'', 3 April 1962〕 It was designed and built by the Lockheed Corporation in the 1960s, one of many attempts to produce a V/STOL vertical take off/landing jet. Both prototype aircraft were destroyed in accidents.
==Design and development==
Vertical take-off lift was obtained by exhausting the engine flow downward through multiple nozzles. The nozzle thrust was augmented by a secondary flow of cold air.〔 Unfortunately, performance was far below the estimates only 1.04 thrust-to-weight in practice and the prototype crashed on 10 June 1964, killing the pilot. The second aircraft was converted to lift jets instead, also crashing after several tests.
Rockwell's XFV-12 would be even less successful at producing lift by using engine exhaust to entrain cold air, in this case through flaps on the wings. The Lockheed F-35 Joint Strike Fighter would later employ a shaft-driven lift fan located in the fuselage.
None of the early American V/STOL designs would result in a production aircraft. The British Hawker Siddeley Harrier used vectoring nozzles, while the Russian Yakovlev Yak-38 Forger attack jet used lift jets in conjunction with rotating rear nozzles.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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